Essay --

Melyssa Arner Scott Robinson Western Civilization II 18 February 2014 1. Analyze and evaluate the life of Martin Luther and his influence on the Reformation. Before bringing about the Reformation, Martin Luther started out his life in Saxony.He was raised by a strict father who wished for his son to become a lawyer. Instead of achieving this, Martin Luther, due to a promise to St. Anne, became a man of the cloth. Those above Luther’s station later enrolled him into the faculty of the university in Wittenburg. It would be at Wittenburg that Luther would change the way of the church, later to be called the Reformation. Luther believed that faith was a way of salvation, which became known as the â€Å"justification by faith†. Martin Luther also began to question the clergy of the church, who made the public pay for indulgences in order for their souls to be freed. Due to his beliefs being ignored, Luther created his â€Å"Ninety-five Theses†. Through these theses, Luther’s beliefs spread throughout the lands of Germany. His ideals about the church passed onto the German people and his acts would later influence the happenings of the Reformation. 2. List and discuss the various religious wars in Europe in the 1500s and 1600s concluding with the Thirty Years War. King Philip II of Spain was a strong supporter of Catholicism. He controlled not only Spain, but also the Netherlands, Southern Italy, and Burgundy. His wife, Mary, was the queen of England. The two of them worked to bring England back to Catholicism but many people were against this. When Mary passed, Elizabeth took the throne and Protestantism was more accepted.Angry with this, Philip sent an armada of ships to attack in 1588. The English ships were sent to defend and Spain was forced... .... The Native Americans were not the only ones to be effected by colonization in the New World. The inhabitants of Africa had their world changed when Europe decided to venture to the New World. While the Native Americans were pushed from their land, the Africans were taken away from theirs. The Europeans needed another set of hands to perform labor and the Africans played this part. Even though Africans could be linguists and guides for the white people, they were mostly used for housework and as farm hands. Africans were forced into slavery and owned by the Europeans. Similar to the Native Americans, the Africans were forced to convert to Christianity. Their religious views were not allowed in the New World. The Africans were not only forced to convert to Christianity but also their way of life. Africans had to dress and speak like the Europeans in order to survive.